Alaska 6th Grade Math Standards

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6.RP Ratios and Proportional Relationships

• Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to solve problems.
  • 6.RP.1 Write and describe the relationship in real life context between two quantities using ratio language.
  • 6.RP.2 Understand the concept of a unit rate (a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b ≠ 0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship) and apply it to solve real-world problems (e.g., unit pricing, constant speed).
  • 6.RP.3 Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems (e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations).
    • 6.RP.3.a Make tables of equivalent ratios relating quantities with whole number measurements, find missing values in the tables, and plot the pairs of values on the coordinate plane. Use tables to compare ratios, and understand equivalencies.
    • 6.RP.3.b Solve unit rate problems including those involving unit pricing and constant speed.
    • 6.RP.3.c Find a percent of a quantity as a rate per 100 (e.g., 30% of a quantity means 30/100 times the quantity); solve problems involving finding the whole, given a part and the percent.
    • 6.RP.3.d Use ratio reasoning to convert measurement units between given measurement systems (e.g., convert kilometers to miles); manipulate and transform units appropriately when multiplying or dividing quantities.

6.NS The Number System

• Apply and extend previous understandings of multiplication and division to divide fractions by fractions.
  • 6.NS.1 Interpret and compute quotients of fractions, and solve word problems involving division of fractions by fractions (e.g., by using visual fraction models and equations to represent the problem).
• Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find common factors and multiples.
  • 6.NS.2 Fluently multiply and divide multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm. Express the remainder as a whole number, decimal, or simplified fraction; explain or justify your choice based on the context of the problem.
  • 6.NS.3 Fluently add, subtract, multiply, and divide multi-digit decimals using the standard algorithm for each operation. Express the remainder as a terminating decimal, or a repeating decimal, or rounded to a designated place value.
  • 6.NS.4 Find the greatest common factor of two whole numbers less than or equal to 100 and the least common multiple of two whole numbers less than or equal to 12. Use the distributive property to express a sum of two whole numbers 1–100 with a common factor as a multiple of a sum of two whole numbers with no common factor.
• Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to the system of rational numbers.
  • 6.NS.5 Understand that positive and negative numbers describe quantities having opposite directions or values (e.g., temperature above/below zero, elevation above/below sea level, credits/debits, positive/negative electric charge); use positive and negative numbers to represent quantities in real-world contexts, explain the meaning of 0 in each situation.
  • 6.NS.6 Understand a rational number as a point on the number line. Extend number line diagrams and coordinate axes familiar from previous grades to represent points on the line and in the plane with negative number coordinates.
    • 6.NS.6.a Recognize opposite signs of numbers as indicating locations on opposite sides of 0 on the number line; Recognize that the opposite of the opposite of a number is the number itself [e.g., –(–3) = 3] and that 0 is its own opposite.
    • 6.NS.6.b Understand signs of numbers in ordered pairs as indicating locations in quadrants of the coordinate plane; recognize that when two ordered pairs differ only by signs, the locations of the points are related by reflections across one or both axes.
    • 6.NS.6.c Find and position integers and other rational numbers on a horizontal or vertical number line diagram; find and position pairs of integers and other rational numbers on a coordinate plane.
  • 6.NS.7 Understand ordering and absolute value of rational numbers.
    • 6.NS.7.a Interpret statements of inequality as statements about the relative position of two numbers on a number line diagram.
    • 6.NS.7.b Write, interpret, and explain statements of order for rational numbers in real-world contexts.
    • 6.NS.7.c Understand the absolute value of a rational number as its distance from 0 on the number line; interpret absolute value as magnitude for a positive or negative quantity in a real-world situation.
    • 6.NS.7.d Distinguish comparisons of absolute value from statements about order.
  • 6.NS.8 Solve real-world and mathematical problems by graphing points in all four quadrants of the coordinate plane. Include use of coordinates and absolute value to find distances between points with the same first coordinate or the same second coordinate.

6.EE Expressions and Equations

• Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic to algebraic expressions.
  • 6.EE.1 Write and evaluate numerical expressions involving whole-number exponents.
  • 6.EE.2 Write, read, and evaluate expressions in which letters stand for numbers.
    • 6.EE.2.a Write expressions that record operations with numbers and with letters standing for numbers.
    • 6.EE.2.b Identify parts of an expression using mathematical terms (sum, term, product, factor, quotient, coefficient); view one or more parts of an expression as a single entity.
    • 6.EE.2.c Evaluate expressions and formulas. Include formulas used in real-world problems. Perform arithmetic operations, including those involving whole number exponents, in the conventional order with or without parentheses. (Order of Operations)
  • 6.EE.3 Apply the properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions. Model (e.g., manipulatives, graph paper) and apply the distributive, commutative, identity, and inverse properties with integers and variables by writing equivalent expressions.
  • 6.EE.4 Identify when two expressions are equivalent (i.e., when the two expressions name the same number regardless of which value is substituted into them).
• Reason about and solve one-variable equations and inequalities.
  • 6.EE.5 Understand solving an equation or inequality as a process of answering a question: which values from a specified set, if any, make the equation or inequality true? Use substitution to determine whether a given number in a specified set makes an equation or inequality true.
  • 6.EE.6 Use variables to represent numbers and write expressions when solving a real-world or mathematical problem; understand that a variable can represent an unknown number, or, depending on the purpose at hand, any number in a specified set.
  • 6.EE.7 Solve real-world and mathematical problems by writing and solving equations of the form x + p = q and px = q for cases in which p, q and x are all nonnegative rational numbers.
  • 6.EE.8 Write an inequality of the form x > c or x < c to represent a constraint or condition in a real-world or mathematical problem. Recognize that inequalities of the form x > c or x < c have infinitely many solutions; represent solutions of such inequalities on number line diagrams.
• Represent and analyze quantitative relationships between dependent and independent variables.
  • 6.EE.9 Use variables to represent two quantities in a real-world problem that change in relationship to one another; write an equation to express one quantity, thought of as the dependent variable, in terms of the other quantity, thought of as the independent variable. Analyze the relationship between the dependent and independent variables using graphs and tables, and relate these to the equation.

6.G Geometry

• Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving area, surface area, and volume.
  • 6.G.1 Find the area of right triangles, other triangles, special quadrilaterals, and polygons by composing or decomposing into other polygons (e.g., rectangles and triangles). Apply these techniques in the context of solving real-world and mathematical problems.
  • 6.G.2 Apply the standard formulas to find volumes of prisms. Use the attributes and properties (including shapes of bases) of prisms to identify, compare or describe three-dimensional figures including prisms and cylinders.
  • 6.G.3 Draw polygons in the coordinate plane given coordinates for the vertices; determine the length of a side joining the coordinates of vertices with the same first or the same second coordinate. Apply these techniques in the context of solving real-world and mathematical problems.
  • 6.G.4 Represent three-dimensional figures (e.g., prisms) using nets made up of rectangles and triangles, and use the nets to find the surface area of these figures. Apply these techniques in the context of solving real-world and mathematical problems.
  • 6.G.5 Identify, compare or describe attributes and properties of circles (radius, and diameter).

6.SP Statistics and Probability

• Develop understanding of statistical variability.
  • 6.SP.1 Recognize a statistical question as one that anticipates variability in the data related to the question and accounts for it in the answers.
  • 6.SP.2 Understand that a set of data has a distribution that can be described by its center (mean, median, or mode), spread (range), and overall shape and can be used to answer a statistical question.
  • 6.SP.3 Recognize that a measure of center (mean, median, or mode) for a numerical data set summarizes all of its values with a single number, while a measure of variation (range) describes how its values vary with a single number.
• Summarize and describe distributions.
  • 6.SP.4 Display numerical data in plots on a number line, including dot or line plots, histograms and box (box and whisker) plots.
  • 6.SP.5 Summarize numerical data sets in relation to their context, such as by:
    • 6.SP.5.a Reporting the number of observations (occurrences).
    • 6.SP.5.b Describing the nature of the attribute under investigation, including how it was measured and its units of measurement.
    • 6.SP.5.c Giving quantitative measures of center (median and/or mean) and variability (interquartile range), as well as describing any overall pattern and any outliers with reference to the context in which the data were gathered.
    • 6.SP.5.d Relating the choice of measures of center and variability to the shape of the data distribution and the context in which the data were gathered.
  • 6.SP.6 Analyze whether a game is mathematically fair or unfair by explaining the probability of all possible outcomes.
  • 6.SP.7 Solve or identify solutions to problems involving possible combinations (e.g., if ice cream sundaes come in 3 flavors with 2 possible toppings, how many different sundaes can be made using only one flavor of ice cream with one topping?)