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L Language
- Conventions of Standard English
- L.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking; retain and further develop language skills learned in previous grades.
- L.1.a Coordinate phrases and clauses in simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences, with emphasis on agreement of pronouns and their antecedents.
- L.1.b Form and use verbs in the active and passive voices and the indicative, imperative, interrogative, conditional, and subjunctive moods to communicate a particular meaning.
- L.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
- L.2.a Use punctuation (comma, ellipsis, dash) to indicate a pause or break.
- L.2.b Use an ellipsis to indicate an omission
- L.2.c Spell correctly, recognizing that some words have commonly accepted variations (e.g., donut/doughnut).
- L.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking; retain and further develop language skills learned in previous grades.
- Knowledge of Language
- L.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
- L.3.a Maintain appropriate consistency in style and tone while varying sentence patterns for meaning and audience interest.
- L.3.b Recognize variations from standard or formal English in writing and speaking, determine their appropriateness for the intended purpose and audience, and make changes as necessary.
- L.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
- Vocabulary Acquisition and Use
- L.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words or phrases based on grade 8 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
- L.4.a Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph; a word’s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
- L.4.b Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., precede, recede, secede).
- L.4.c Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.
- L.4.d Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).
- L.5 Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
- L.5.a Interpret figures of speech (e.g. verbal irony, puns) in context.
- L.5.b Use the relationship between particular words to better understand each of the words.
- L.5.c Distinguish among the connotations (associations) of words with similar denotations. (definitions) (e.g., bullheaded, willful, firm, persistent, resolute).
- L.6 Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases; independently research words and gather vocabulary knowledge.
- L.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words or phrases based on grade 8 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.