Mississippi 8th Grade Social Studies Standards

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Introduction to Geography

• Civics, Economics, Civil Rights, Geography, and History
  • ITG.1 Investigate the world using spatial terms, concepts, and thinking and employing maps and other geographic representations, tools, and technologies.
    • ITG.1.1 Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using different maps and geospatial technologies for analyzing spatial distributions and patterns on Earth.
    • ITG.1.2 Utilize maps and geospatial technologies to explain relationships among peoples, places, and environments.
    • ITG.1.3 Categorize the geographic organization of people, places, and environments using spatial models.
  • ITG.2 Assess the nature, genesis, evolution, and meaning of places.
    • ITG.2.1 Distinguish how the physical and human characteristics of different places contribute to different personal, community, and national identities.
    • ITG.2.2 Contrast the ways that places change as a result of physical and human processes.
    • ITG.2.3 Investigate how culture and experience influence people’s perceptions of places.
  • ITG.3 Contrast how regions are used to describe the organization of Earth’s surface.
    • ITG.3.1 Utilize formal, functional, and perceptual delineations of regions to highlight the different understandings they produce.
    • ITG.3.2 Interpret processes and reasons for regional change.
    • ITG.3.3 Analyze interactions among regions to show transnational relationships, including the flow of commodities and internet connectivity.
    • ITG.3.4 Trace how globalization processes produce variable impact on peoples, places, and environments in different regions of the world.
    • ITG.3.5 Contrast how perceptions of places and regions are based on direct and indirect experiences and that those perceptions can change.
  • ITG.4 Compare and contrast geographic patterns in the environment that result from the processes of Earth’s physical systems (atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere).
    • ITG.4.1 Formulate how the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone migrates seasonally because of Earth-Sun relationships and the effects produced by this on places around the Earth.
    • ITG.4.2 Illustrate how processes that shape the physical environment produce different conditions in different places on Earth.
    • ITG.4.3 Compare how ecosystems vary from place to place and over time as a result of physical processes.
  • ITG.5 Identify and describe the characteristics and processes of human population and migration on Earth.
    • ITG.5.1 Analyze the demographic structure of human populations on Earth and the implications of different demographic structures.
    • ITG.5.2 Trace the changes in human populations that result from changes in the rate of natural increase.
    • ITG.5.3 Create the major migration streams in the U.S. and the world at present and in the past in terms of time, distance, and cause.
    • ITG.5.4 Contrast the consequences of migration for people as well as on the origin and destination places.
  • ITG.6 Apply the complex, multifaceted concept of culture to places on Earth.
    • ITG.6.1 Evaluate contact between differing cultures.
    • ITG.6.2 Compose the diffusion of ideas and technologies that causes change in the characteristics and distributions of cultures.
    • ITG.6.3 Justify how cultural landscapes exist and vary across space and time.
  • ITG.7 Trace the patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth’s surface.
    • ITG.7.1 Investigate how and why the ratio of primary, secondary, and tertiary livelihoods differs from country to country around the world and has changed over time.
    • ITG.7.2 Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of subsistence and commercial livelihoods and how people move from one to the other and what the changes have been over time.
    • ITG.7.3 Analyze the impact of economic interdependence and globalization on places and their populations and environments.
    • ITG.7.4 Illustrate how integrated transportation and communication networks provide the infrastructure essential to economic interdependence at local to global scales.
  • ITG.8 Analyze boundaries and territorially delimited entities and the cooperation and conflicts that occur among them.
    • ITG.8.1 Analyze how different types of territories manage and control Earth’s surface in different ways.
    • ITG.8.2 Compare the advantages and disadvantages of political and other boundaries that are based on physical and human factors.
    • ITG.8.3 Debate how countries and organizations make agreements to cooperate in managing and using Earth’s surface.
    • ITG.8.4 Estimate how conflict occurs at the international level because of disagreements over the division, control, and management of Earth’s surface.
  • ITG.9 Interpret how human actions modify the physical environment.
    • ITG.9.1 Interpret how human-induced changes in one place can affect the physical environment in other places.
    • ITG.9.2 Measure how the use of technology has changed the scale at which people can modify the physical environment.
    • ITG.9.3 Debate how the physical environment can accommodate and be endangered by human activities.
  • ITG.10 Analyze the patterns of human settlements and explain their processes of development and operation.
    • ITG.10.1 Diagram the different types of urban land uses and analyze how they are systematically arranged.
    • ITG.10.2 Compare how human activities have contributed to the development of settlements at particular locations.
    • ITG.10.3 Contrast how the number and types of services differ for settlements of various sizes (small to large).
  • ITG.11 Illustrate how human systems develop in response to physical environment conditions
    • ITG.11.1 Compare how characteristics of the physical environment can be both opportunities and constraints depending on people’s knowledge, technology, and choices.
    • ITG.11.2 Explain the processes that produce various environmental hazards.
    • ITG.11.3 Formulate how people perceive, prepare, and cope with environmental hazards in different ways, or fail to do so.
  • ITG.12 Examine the cultural concept of natural resources and the changes in the spatial distribution, quantity, and quality of resources through time and by location.
    • ITG.12.1 Categorize how cultures differ in their definition and use of resources.
    • ITG.12.2 Analyze the current use of renewable, nonrenewable, and flow resources with respect to suitability, viability, and sustainability.
    • ITG.12.3 Inspect the processes by which the main resources needed in the contemporary world are formed, extracted, refined, and transported.