North Dakota Algebra 1 Math Standards

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N Number and Quantity

• N.RN The Real Number System
  • Extend the properties of exponents to rational numbers
    • N.RN.1 Explain how the definition of the meaning of rational exponents follows from extending the properties of integer exponents to those values, allowing for a notation for radicals in terms of rational exponents.
    • N.RN.2 Rewrite expressions involving radicals and rational exponents using the properties of exponents.
  • Use properties of rational and irrational numbers
    • N.RN.3 Demonstrate that the sum or product of two rational numbers is rational; that the sum of a rational number and an irrational number is irrational, and that the product of a nonzero rational number and an irrational number is irrational.
    • N.RN.4 Perform basic operations on radicals and simplify radicals to write equivalent expressions.
    • Checkpoint opportunity
• N.Q Quantities
  • Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems
    • N.Q.1.i Use units as a way to understand problems and to guide the solution of multi-step problems (e.g., unit analysis).
    • N.Q.1.ii Choose and interpret units consistently in formulas.
    • N.Q.1.iii Choose and interpret the scale and the origin in graphs and data displays.
    • N.Q.2 Define appropriate quantities for the purpose of descriptive modeling.
    • N.Q.3 Choose a level of accuracy or precision appropriate to limitations on measurement when reporting quantities.
    • Checkpoint opportunity
• N.VM Vector and Matrix Quantities
  • Perform operations on matrices and use matrices in applications
    • N.VM.6 Use matrices to represent and manipulate data.
    • N.VM.7 Multiply matrices by scalars to produce new matrices.
    • N.VM.8 Add, subtract, and multiply matrices of appropriate dimensions.
    • N.VM.9 Understand that, unlike multiplication of numbers, matrix multiplication for square matrices is not a commutative operation, but still satisfies the associative and distributive properties.

A Algebra

• A.SSE Seeing Structure in Expressions
  • Interpret the structure of expressions
    • A.SSE.1 Interpret expressions that represent a quantity in terms of its context.
      • A.SSE.1.a Interpret parts of an expression, such as terms, factors, and coefficients.
      • A.SSE.1.b Interpret complicated expressions by examining one or more of their parts as a single entity.
    • A.SSE.2 Use the structure of an expression to identify ways to rewrite it.
  • Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems
    • A.SSE.3 Choose and produce an equivalent form of an expression to reveal and explain properties of the quantity represented by the expression.
      • A.SSE.3.a Factor a quadratic expression to reveal the zeros of the function it defines.
      • A.SSE.3.b Complete the square in a quadratic expression to produce an equivalent expression.
      • A.SSE.3.c Use the properties of exponents to transform exponential expressions.
    • Checkpoint opportunity
• A.APR Arithmetic with Polynomials and Rational Expressions
  • Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials
    • A.APR.1.i Add, subtract, and multiply polynomials.
    • A.APR.1.ii Understand that polynomials form a system comparable to the integers, namely, they are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication.
    • Checkpoint opportunity
• A.CED Creating Equations and Inequalities
  • Create equations that describe numbers or relationships
    • A.CED.1 Create equations and inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions.
    • A.CED.2.i Create equations in two or more variables to represent relationships between quantities.
    • A.CED.2.ii Graph equations on coordinate axes with appropriate labels and scales.
    • A.CED.3 Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or non-viable options in a modeling context.
    • A.CED.4 Rearrange formulas to isolate a quantity of interest, using the same reasoning as in solving equations.
    • Checkpoint opportunity
• A.REI Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities
  • Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain the reasoning
    • A.REI.1 Explain each step in solving a simple equation as following from the equality of numbers asserted at the previous step, starting from the assumption that the original equation has a solution. Construct a viable argument to justify a solution method.
  • Solve equations and inequalities in one variable
    • A.REI.3 Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters.
    • A.REI.4 Solve quadratic equations in one variable.
      • A.REI.4.a Use the method of completing the square to transform any quadratic equation in x into an equation of the form (x – p)² = q that has the same solutions. Derive the quadratic formula from this form.
      • A.REI.4.b Solve quadratic equations by inspection (e.g., for x² = 49), taking square roots, completing the square, the quadratic formula and factoring, as appropriate to the initial form of the equation. Recognize when the quadratic formula gives complex solutions and write them as a + bi for real numbers a and b.
    • Checkpoint opportunity
  • Solve systems of equations
    • A.REI.6 Solve systems of linear equations exactly and approximately, focusing on pairs of linear equations in two variables.
  • Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically
    • A.REI.10 Understand that the graph of an equation in two variables is the set of all its solutions plotted in the coordinate plane.
    • A.REI.11 Using graphs, technology, tables, or successive approximations, show that the solution(s) to the equation f(x) = g(x) are the x-value(s) that result in the y-values of f(x) and g(x) being the same.
    • A.REI.12.i Graph the solutions to a linear inequality in two variables as a half-plane.
    • A.REI.12.ii Graph the solution set to a system of linear inequalities in two variables as the intersection of the corresponding half-planes.
    • Checkpoint opportunity

F Functions

• F.IF Interpreting Functions
  • Understand the concept of a function and use function notation
    • F.IF.1 Understand that a function from one set (called the domain) to another set (called the range) assigns to each element of the domain exactly one element of the range. If f is a function and x is an element of its domain, then f(x) denotes the output of f corresponding to the input x. The graph of f is the graph of the equation y = f(x).
    • F.IF.2 Use function notation, evaluate functions for inputs in their domains, and interpret statements that use function notation in terms of a context
    • F.IF.3 Recognize that sequences are functions, sometimes defined recursively, whose domain is a subset of the integers.
  • Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of the context
    • F.IF.4 Use tables, graphs, verbal descriptions, and equations to interpret and sketch the key features of a function modeling the relationship between two quantities.
    • F.IF.5 Relate the domain of a function to its graph and, where applicable, to the quantitative relationship it describes.
    • F.IF.6 Calculate and interpret the average rate of change of a function (presented symbolically or as a table) over a specified interval. Estimate the rate of change from a graph.
    • Checkpoint opportunity
  • Analyze functions using different representations
    • F.IF.7 Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases.
      • F.IF.7.a Graph linear and quadratic functions and show intercepts, maxima, and minima where appropriate.
      • F.IF.7.e Graph exponential and logarithmic functions, showing intercepts and end behavior.
    • F.IF.8 Write a function defined by an expression in different but equivalent forms to reveal and explain different properties of the function.
      • F.IF.8.a Use the process of factoring and completing the square in a quadratic function to show zeros, extreme values, and symmetry of the graph, and interpret these in terms of a context.
      • F.IF.8.b Use the properties of exponents to interpret expressions for exponential functions.
    • F.IF.9 Compare properties of two functions each represented in a different way (algebraically, graphically, numerically in tables, or by verbal descriptions).
    • Checkpoint opportunity
• F.BF Building Functions
  • Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities
    • F.BF.1 Write a function that describes a relationship between two quantities.
      • F.BF.1.a Determine an explicit expression, a recursive process, or steps for calculation from a context.
      • F.BF.1.b Combine standard function types using arithmetic operations.
  • Build new functions from existing functions
    • F.BF.3.i Identify the effect on the graph of replacing f(x) by f(x) + k, f(x + k), kf(x), and f(kx), for specific values of k (both positive and negative); find the value of k given the graphs.
    • F.BF.3.ii Recognize even and odd functions from their graphs.
    • F.BF.4 Find inverse functions.
      • F.BF.4.a Write an equation for the inverse given a function has an inverse.
    • Checkpoint opportunity
• F.LE Linear, Quadratic, and Exponential Models
  • Construct and compare linear, quadratic, and exponential models and solve problems
    • F.LE.1.i Identify situations that can be modeled with linear, quadratic, and exponential functions.
    • F.LE.1.ii Justify the most appropriate model for a situation based on the rate of change over equal intervals. Include situations in which a quantity grows or decays.
    • F.LE.2 Construct linear and exponential functions, including arithmetic and geometric sequences, given a graph, a table, a description, or two input-output pairs given their relationship.
    • F.LE.3 Compare the end behavior of linear, quadratic, and exponential functions using graphs and/or tables to show that a quantity increasing exponentially eventually exceeds a quantity increasing as a linear or quadratic function.
  • Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation they model
    • F.LE.5 Interpret the parameters in a linear, quadratic, or exponential function in context.
    • Checkpoint opportunity

S Statistics and Probability

• S.ID Interpreting Categorical and Quantitative Data
  • Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable
    • S.ID.1 Represent data with plots on the real number line (dot plots, histograms, and box plots).
    • S.ID.2 Use statistics appropriate to the shape of the data distribution to compare center (median, mean) and spread (interquartile range, standard deviation) of two or more different data sets.
    • S.ID.3 Interpret differences in shape, center, and spread in the context of the data sets, accounting for possible effects of extreme data points (outliers).
    • Checkpoint opportunity
  • Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables
    • S.ID.5.i Summarize categorical data for two categories in two-way frequency tables.
    • S.ID.5.ii Interpret relative frequencies in the context of the data (including joint, marginal, and conditional relative frequencies).
    • S.ID.5.iii Recognize possible associations and trends in the data.
    • S.ID.6 Represent data on two quantitative variables on a scatter plot, and describe how the variables are related.
      • S.ID.6.a Fit a function to the data (with or without technology). Use functions fitted to data to solve problems in the context of the data.
      • S.ID.6.b Informally assess the fit of a function by plotting and analyzing residuals.
    • Checkpoint opportunity
  • Interpret linear models
    • S.ID.7.i Interpret the slope (rate of change) and the intercept (constant term) of a linear model in the context of the data.
    • S.ID.7.ii Interpolate and extrapolate the linear model to predict values.
    • S.ID.8 Compute (using technology) and interpret the correlation coefficient of a linear fit.
    • S.ID.9 Distinguish between correlation and causation.
    • Checkpoint opportunity