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L.4 Language
- Conventions of Standard English
- L.4.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking; retain and further develop language skills learned in previous grades. (See grade 4 Writing Standard 5 and Speaking and Listening Standard 6 on strengthening writing and presentations by applying knowledge of conventions.)
- L.4.1.a Produce complete sentences, using knowledge of subject and predicate to recognize and correct inappropriate sentence fragments and run-on sentences.
- L.4.1.b Correctly use frequently confused words (e.g., their/there).
- L.4.1.c Use helping verbs, also known as auxiliaries (e.g., can, may, might, should), to convey various conditions of possibility, likelihood, obligation, or permission, choosing among helping verbs depending on the overall meaning of the sentence.
- L.4.1.d Use relative pronouns and relative adverbs to add more information about a noun or verb used in a sentence.
- L.4.1.e Form and use prepositional phrases in sentences to add more information about qualities such as location, time, agency, and direction.
- L.4.1.f Form and use progressive verb tenses.
- L.4.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
- L.4.2.a Write legibly and fluently by hand, using either printing or cursive handwriting; write their given name signature in cursive.
- L.4.2.b Use correct capitalization.
- L.4.2.c Use commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech and quotations from a text.
- L.4.2.d Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction in a compound sentence.
- L.4.2.e Spell grade-appropriate words correctly, consulting references as needed.
- L.4.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking; retain and further develop language skills learned in previous grades. (See grade 4 Writing Standard 5 and Speaking and Listening Standard 6 on strengthening writing and presentations by applying knowledge of conventions.)
- Knowledge of Language
- L.4.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
- L.4.3.a Choose words and phrases to convey ideas precisely.
- L.4.3.b Choose punctuation for effect.
- L.4.3.c Differentiate between contexts that call for formal English (e.g., presenting research findings) and situations where informal discourse is appropriate (e.g., small-group discussion).
- L.4.3 Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
- Vocabulary Acquisition and Use
- L.4.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 4 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
- L.4.4.a Use context (e.g., definitions, examples, or restatements in text) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
- L.4.4.b Use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., telegraph, photograph, autograph).
- L.4.4.c Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation and determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases.
- L.4.4.d Recognize and use appropriately abbreviations related to grade-level content or common in everyday life (e.g., hr., min., sec.).
- L.4.4.e Recognize and use appropriately symbols related to grade-level content or common in everyday life (e.g., &, #, *).
- L.4.5 Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings.
- L.4.5.a Explain the meaning of simple similes and metaphors (e.g., as pretty as a picture) in context.
- L.4.5.b Recognize and explain the meaning of common idioms, adages, and proverbs.
- L.4.5.c Demonstrate understanding of words by relating them to their opposites (antonyms) and to words with similar but not identical meanings (synonyms).
- L.4.6 Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, including those that signal precise actions, emotions, or states of being (e.g., quizzed, whined, stammered) and that are basic to a particular topic (e.g., wildlife, conservation, and endangered when discussing animal preservation). (See grade 4 Reading Literature Standard 4 and Reading Informational Text Standard 4 on applying knowledge of vocabulary to reading; see grade 4 Writing Standard 5 and Speaking and Listening Standard 4 on strengthening writing and presentations by applying knowledge of vocabulary.)
- L.4.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 4 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.