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5 Oral and Written Conventions
- 20 Oral and Written Conventions/Conventions.
- 20 Students understand the function of and use the conventions of academic language when speaking and writing. Students continue to apply earlier standards with greater complexity.
- A use and understand the function of the following parts of speech in the context of reading, writing, and speaking:
- i verbs (irregular verbs and active voice);
- ii collective nouns (e.g., class, public);
- iii adjectives (e.g., descriptive, including origins: French windows, American cars) and their comparative and superlative forms (e.g., good, better, best);
- iv adverbs (e.g., frequency: usually, sometimes; intensity: almost, a lot);
- v prepositions and prepositional phrases to convey location, time, direction, or to provide details;
- vi indefinite pronouns (e.g., all, both, nothing, anything);
- vii subordinating conjunctions (e.g., while, because, although, if); and
- viii transitional words (e.g., also, therefore);
- B use the complete subject and the complete predicate in a sentence; and
- C use complete simple and compound sentences with correct subject-verb agreement.
- A use and understand the function of the following parts of speech in the context of reading, writing, and speaking:
- 20 Students understand the function of and use the conventions of academic language when speaking and writing. Students continue to apply earlier standards with greater complexity.
- 21 Oral and Written Conventions/Handwriting, Capitalization, and Punctuation.
- 21 Students write legibly and use appropriate capitalization and punctuation conventions in their compositions.
- A use capitalization for:
- i abbreviations;
- ii initials and acronyms; and
- iii organizations;
- B recognize and use punctuation marks including:
- i commas in compound sentences; and
- ii proper punctuation and spacing for quotations; and
- C use proper mechanics including italics and underlining for titles and emphasis.
- A use capitalization for:
- 21 Students write legibly and use appropriate capitalization and punctuation conventions in their compositions.
- 22 Oral and Written Conventions/Spelling.
- 22 Students spell correctly.
- A spell words with more advanced orthographic patterns and rules:
- i consonant changes (e.g., /t/ to /sh/ in select, selection; /k/ to /sh/ in music, musician);
- ii vowel changes (e.g., long to short in crime, criminal; long to schwa in define, definition; short to schwa in legality, legal); and
- iii silent and sounded consonants (e.g., haste, hasten; sign, signal; condemn, condemnation);
- b spell words with:
- i Greek Roots (e.g., tele, photo, graph, meter);
- ii Latin Roots (e.g., spec, scrib, rupt, port, ject, dict);
- iii Greek suffixes (e.g., -ology, -phobia, -ism, -ist); and
- iv Latin derived suffixes (e.g., -able, -ible; -ance, -ence);
- C differentiate between commonly confused terms (e.g., its, it’s; affect, effect);
- D use spelling patterns and rules and print and electronic resources to determine and check correct spellings; and
- E know how to use the spell-check function in word processing while understanding its limitations.
- A spell words with more advanced orthographic patterns and rules:
- 22 Students spell correctly.