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4.L Language
- 4.L.C15 Conventions of Standard English
- 4.L.C15.1 demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
- 4.L.C15.1.a use relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why).
- 4.L.C15.1.b form and use the progressive (e.g., i was walking; i am walking; i will be walking) verb tenses.
- 4.L.C15.1.c use modal auxiliaries (e.g., can, may, must) to convey various conditions.
- 4.L.C15.1.d order adjectives within sentences according to conventional patterns (e.g., a small red bag rather than a red small bag).
- 4.L.C15.1.e form and use prepositional phrases.
- 4.L.C15.1.f produce complete sentences, recognizing and correcting inappropriate fragments and run-ons.
- 4.L.C15.1.g correctly use frequently confused words (e.g., to, too, two; there, their).
- 4.L.C15.2 demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation and spelling when writing.
- 4.L.C15.2.a use correct capitalization.
- 4.L.C15.2.b use commas and quotation marks to mark direct speech and quotations from a text.
- 4.L.C15.2.c use a comma before a coordinating conjunction in a compound sentence.
- 4.L.C15.2.d spell grade-appropriate words correctly, consulting references as needed.
- 4.L.C15.1 demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
- 4.L.C16 Knowledge of Language
- 4.L.C16.1 use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
- 4.L.C16.1.a choose words and phrases to convey ideas precisely.
- 4.L.C16.1.b choose punctuation for effect.
- 4.L.C16.1.c differentiate between contexts that call for formal English (e.g., presenting ideas) and situations where informal discourse is appropriate (e.g., small-group discussion).
- 4.L.C16.1 use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
- 4.L.C17 Vocabulary Acquisition and Use
- 4.L.C17.1 determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 4 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
- 4.L.C17.1.a use context (e.g., definitions, examples or restatements in text) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
- 4.L.C17.1.b use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., telegraph, photograph, autograph).
- 4.L.C17.1.c consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation and determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases.
- 4.L.C17.2 demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships and nuances in word meanings.
- 4.L.C17.2.a explain the meaning of simple similes and metaphors (e.g., as pretty as a picture) in context.
- 4.L.C17.2.b recognize and explain the meaning of common idioms, adages and proverbs.
- 4.L.C17.2.c demonstrate understanding of words by relating them to their opposites (antonyms) and to words with similar but not identical meanings (synonyms).
- 4.L.C17.3 acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, including those that signal precise actions, emotions or states of being (e.g., quizzed, whined, stammered) and that are basic to a particular topic (e.g., wildlife, conservation and endangered when discussing animal preservation).
- 4.L.C17.1 determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 4 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.